SARS-CoV-2 variants are a natural result of viruses changing and evolving. When these changes are significant enough to distinguish them from the original virus, they are classified as “variants.” These variants have been identified in multiple countries since the global spread of the virus.

WHO continually collects and analyzes data on new variants to better understand their impact on virus behavior and the effectiveness of vaccines. Manufacturers may need to adapt their vaccine development strategies to address these evolving variants, such as incorporating multiple strains or administering boosters. Comprehensive studies are required to evaluate changes in vaccine effectiveness, including real-world studies on the impact of vaccines after their deployment. WHO closely monitors mutations and variants through a dedicated Virus Evolution Working Group to achieve this.

Despite the expectation of the emergence of COVID-19 variants, vaccines remain a fundamental tool in the fight against the virus. Using the available vaccines offers clear public health benefits, even if they are somewhat less effective against specific variants. Therefore, continued vaccination of people and adherence to protective measures are essential for everyone's safety.

Ongoing research aims to understand the impact of variants on vaccinated people. Current data indicates that COVID-19 vaccines remain highly effective in preventing severe illness and death from all variants of concern. However, vaccines can offer different levels of protection against infection, mild illness, hospitalization and death. Importantly, no vaccine can offer 100% protection, and some vaccinated people can still get COVID-19 and potentially spread the virus to unvaccinated people. Continuation of protective measures, even after full vaccination, is crucial.

The WHO emphasizes the importance of stopping the spread of the virus at its source to prevent the emergence of new variants. Combating new variants means minimizing viral transmission and opportunities for mutation. This can be achieved through preventive measures, seeking medical care in a timely manner, and following the recommendations of healthcare providers and designated hotlines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also emphasize the importance of isolation and testing. If you feel unwell or are waiting for test results, staying home and wearing a high-quality mask when around others is crucial.